If you have multiple servers to manage, you find yourself connecting to each of them a tedious task. Different private keys, different ports to connect, different hostnames and so many things to remember. That’s why ~/.ssh/config was introduced. This configuration file defines the behavior of SSH client.

Scenario 1: You are a developer. You don’t want to type your password everytime you push into a Git Repo

Nowadays, almost all Git hosting solutions like Github and Bitbucket provide SSH Key based authentication. So, instead of typing site-based login password everytime you want to initiate a remote git command, you can use public-key authentication for that, and voila no passwords.

To do this, let’s create a key pair for Git:

cd ~/.ssh
ssh-keygen -f git_key

Don’t specify any passphrase. If you do, you will have to type it everytime or use a SSH agent to remember that passphrase for you.

So, if you ls in the current directory, you would see:

$ ls
git_key git_key.pub

Now, we need to copy the contents of git_key.pub to provider’s settings. An easy way to do that is:

xclip -sel clip < ~/.ssh/git_key.pub

The contents will be in the clipboard that can be pasted anywhere.

So, how do we use the key with git? One way is to specify SSH command that git uses as:

GIT_SSH_COMMAND='ssh -i git_key' git push origin master

But this is too tedious. That’s when config comes to rescue. A sample config file may be:

Host bitbucket.org
    User yourusername
    HostName bitbucket.org
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/git_key

With this config in ~/.ssh/config, git will now not ask for anything. You may have to change your remote URL to use SSH connection though. See Changing a remote’s URL and Use the SSH protocol with Bitbucket for how to do it.

Scenario 2: Different Ports, Different Keys, Different Hostnames

Suppose you have following servers to manage:

• [email protected] | SSH Port: 2338 | Uses Key-based Authentication
• [email protected] | SSH Port: 3455 | Uses password based authentication

How would you remember all these details? Let’s use ~/.ssh/config:

Host ex-one
    User dev
    HostName one.example.com
    Port 2338
    PreferredAuthentications publickey
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/example_key
Host local-server
    User root
    HostName 10.1.33.2
    Port 3455

With this config in place, you can login to first server using:

ssh ex-one

No need to remember anything except passwords or private keys’ passphrase.

Conclusion

This is only a short introduction to ssh_config. Many more things can be customized. To get detailed documentation, do man ssh_config.

Happy SSHing